Characters

Results – Characters

Character Notation

The Cyperus papyrus inflorescence is a complex, resembling a compound umbel.  It forms a sequence of structures with similar morphology but decreasing size.   Surrounding the inflorescence are bracts, referred to throughout as B1.  The capitulum comprises Rays (R1) each with a basal prophyll (P1) and a terminal cluster of spikes in another umbel or anthela.  The spikes are subtended by bracteoles (B2) and each has its own prophylls (P2).  Spikes have spikelets in a spiral arrangement, each spikelet subtended bt another bract (B3) and prophyll (P3).  Flowers are regular for the family, comprising, glumes, anthers, stigmas and a nutlet.  Note that in addition there are two “wing”-like structures, as described by Chiovenda (1931).  This arrangement is illustrated below.

 

Photographs of Characters

Character No.

Dimens-

ions

 

Photographs (Characters Gallery unless otherwise stipulated)

 

Basal Bracts

1

 

B1 - width of typical outer bract, widest point.

S01_Base.JPG (midrib)

Sheets & Labels Gallery:

S01_Base.JPG; S02_base.JPG; S05_Base.JPG; S06_Base.JPG; S07_Base.JPG; S08_Base.JPG; S09_Base.JPG; S10_Base.JPG; S12_Base.JPG; S13_Base.JPG; S14_Base.JPG; S16_Base.JPG; S20_Base.JPG; S21_Base.JPG; S22_Base.JPG; S23_Base.JPG; S24_Base.JPG; S25_Base.JPG; S26_Base.JPG; S27_Base.JPG; S28_Base.JPG; S29_Base.JPG; S30_Base.JPG; S33_Base.JPG; S34_Base.JPG; S37_Base.JPG

2

 

B1 - length of typical outer bract

3

 

B1 - midrib prominent

4

 

B1 - count, 50% of diameter (on view)

53

 

B1 - erect / spreading

S01_Base.JPG (spreading); S09_Base.JPG (erect); S37_Base.JPG (erect)

Primary rachis - Inflorescence stems

5

 

R1 - length (typical, excl P1 to B2

Sheets & Labels Gallery:

S33_Sheet.jpg (few R1); S15_Sheet.jpg (few R1)

S19_Sheet.jpg (crowded R1); S33_Sheet.jpg (crowded R1)

(and see Sheets & Labels Gallery)

46

 

R1 – count

Primary prophylls

9

 

P1 - length (typical)

20130108_125919.jpg;

Sheets & Labels Gallery:

S02_base.JPG

Spikes

11

 

Spike - length (R2 excl. between lowest spikelet and base and excl. terminal spikelet)

20130116_170452.jpg (shape oblong, patent spikelets); 20130124_115008.jpg (shape congested, erect spikelets)


12

 

Spike - no spikelets on 1 side

13

 

Spike – shape

47

 

Spikelet - angle to R2 (mature, lateral)

Secondary rachis - spike stems

51

 

R2 - max length (incl. prophyll) mm to first spikelet

20130108_130452.jpg (sessile, medium and long R2s)

48

 

R2 no. - length short (sessile - <=2mm)

49

 

R2 no. - length med (<2mm - 10mm)

50

 

R2 no. - length long (>10mm

Secondary bracts - spike cluster basal bracts

17

 

B2 - number

grab2013-01-19_21-34-51_521.jpg (Width / base of B2s); Char 9 aff 4007.jpeg (Thin B2);

18

 

B2 - thin B2s (like sterile Spikes, dentate at base)

19

 

B2 - typical length (excl. thin B2s)

20

 

B2 - width, widest point

Secondary prophylls

21

 

P2 - length (long type) to lowest lip

S32_p2_1.0026.jpeg; grab2013-01-19_21-34-51_521.jpg (P2s – long)

Spikelets

52

 

Spikelet - colour

grab2013-01-19_22-45-05_973.jpg (Short spikelets); S25_spikelets_0.63055.jpeg

S25_spikelets_0.63056.jpeg

S25_spikelets_1,0054.jpeg

22

 

Spikelet - length (average, 1/2 way up spike)

23

 

Spikelet - width (average, 1/2 way up spike)

25

 

Spikelet - no. flowers overlapping adaxial line, base to tip, spikelets mid spike,ave

26

 

Spikelet - lanceolate; nl = narrowly lanceolate; oc =  oblong/cylindrical (parallel sided); ov = ovate

Florets

28

 

Glume midrib prominent (see Spec. 3)

S35-glume_2,0021.jpeg; grab2013-01-19_23-04-05_465.jpg (glume & wings); grab2013-01-20_00-07-14_813.bmp (glume & wings)

30

 

Glume - length, mid-Spike, mid-Spikelet

31

 

Glume - laterals (see Spec. 3)

33

 

Glume - apex shape

Glume - Keels

S14_glume_ridge_2.0.0032.jpeg

S14_glume_ridge_2.0.0033.jpeg

Anthers

34

 

Anther connective

s05_anth_conn_4.0007.jpeg

s06_anth_conn_4.0067.jpeg

s09_anth_conn_4.0057.jpeg

s10_anth_connx3&stigma_4.0029.jpeg

s10_anth_conn_4.0027.jpeg

s13_anth_conn_4.0039.jpeg

s17_anth_conn_4.0.0050.jpeg

s17_anth_conn_4.0049.jpeg

s21_anth_conn_4.0065.jpeg

s22_anth_conn_4.0005.jpeg

S23 Anther appendage 3013.jpeg

s24_anth_connXnn_1.0059.jpeg

s28_anth_conn_4.0.0051.jpeg

s33-anth_conn(4X)_4.0011.jpeg

s33-anth_conn_4.0010.jpeg

s34_anth_conn_4.0061.jpeg

s35-anth_conn_4.0017.jpeg

s35-anth_conn_4.0023.jpeg

s37_anth_conn_4.0070.jpeg

s37_anth_conn_4.0071.jpeg


35

 

Colour of connective appendage:

Stigmas

36

 

Stigma lobes - depth of division compared to overall length

grab2013-01-19_23-26-26_614.jpg

37

 

Stigma colour

Quaternary bracts - intra floret bracts ("rachis wings" of some authors)

38

 

B4 wing - shape

grab2013-01-19_23-04-05_465.jpg (glume & wings); grab2013-01-19_23-26-26_614.jpg (glumes); grab2013-01-20_00-07-14_813.bmp (glume & wings)

39

 

B4 wing - length compared to glume

Nutlets

 

40

±1mm

Nutlet shape

S37_nutlet_4.0069.jpeg (atypical); S33-nut_4.0013.jpeg

±1mm

Perigynium

grab2013-01-16_22-48-25_033.jpg; grab2013-01-16_23-19-13_566.jpg

Stems

 

45

 3-5cm

Stem beneath inflorescence

S19_ts_stem_0.63062.jpeg;


Cyperus; Cyperus papyrus

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith